( The words 'SaGkam' and 'Kumari' have been in the Tamil culture since ancient times. One of the evidences to prove that Sumerian is a Tamil culture is that, these two words can be found in Sumerian texts. These words, 'SaGkam' meaning association to promore Tamil and and 'Kumari' which refers to the sunken continent of 'Kumari Kandam'are very unique to the Tamil culture. Below is the write-up by Dr Loga to show that these two words have been mentioned in the Sumerian texts. By Ullaganar Agamic Sciences Center )
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( Su : Sumerian. Ta : Tamil, Sk : Sanskrit )
215. ga-e gudu sag-gam-mah ju me-en ( I am the anointing (gudu)-priest , the knowledgeable sangamah) 216. ga-e lu asilal (ki) me-en ( I am the man of Asilal?) 217. ga-e ka-pirig [A-HA](ki) he-sikil-la he-ga-dadag-ga me-en ( I am the incantation priest of Ku'ar , who indeed cleansed , and also purified) 218. . gudu susbu (d)en-ki-ga me-en ( I am the anointing priest, the purification priest of Enki)
Tamil: Gaayee koodu saGkam maa: cuu maan ( I am ritual dancer ( koodu) who knows the rules established by the Great SaGkam) நா(ன்)னே கோடு சங்கம் மா சூ(ழ்) மான் Ta. Gaayee aacu-ila (kiiz) maan ( I am the man from Asillal ( the place where there are no impurities) நா(ன்)னே ஆசு-இல (கீழ்) மான் Ta. Gaayee kaapiri Kumari (Kauri) ey sukilla, eyka taGtaGku maan ( I am the incantation priest of Kumari (Kauri), attained purity and also attained living long) நா(ன்)னே காபிரி குமரி (கௌரி) எய் சுக்கில்ல எய்க தங்கு தங்கு மான் Ta. koodu coobu ENkiizkka maan ( I am the brilliant dancer of ENkiiz) நா(ன்)னே சோபு ஏண்கீழ்க்க மான் gudu Ta. koodu, kuudu , kudam? kuuttu The Sumerian gudu which is given the meaning 'priest" may actually be a ritual dancer, and hence the Tamil koodu , meaning Ta. koodiyar, the dancer. From this might have originated Ta. kuudal, the coming together , assembling as a congregation and which brings us to the Kuudal, an ancient and alternative name for Mathurai, the location of the Third CaGkam or Academy which is also a meaning of Kuudal. This may have evolved from this way : kuudu-il> kuudil> kuudal. There is also a word 'kudil" which is retained in Sk in the name Kaudil-ya, the Gotra of the famous author of Artta Sastra which is said to have been written in Tamil Nadu. This Kaudil-ya has also become KauNdiya, the gotra of ThirunjaanaSambantar and so forth. The word 'kudam" meaning 'pot' is ruled out as it appears to be a description of a professional person here though elsewhere it does occur in this sense in some Sumerian texts. sam-gam-mah : maa SaGkam : the Great Assembly? The identity of Su. mah with Ta/Sk maa, maha in both morphology and meaning is quite obvious. The word "sag-gam" cannot be 'priest" ( sangu/sanga) as 'gudu' that precedes it, already means that. Hence it should be linked with 'sa-ga sag-a" , to conjoin, be together , be in love etc. as in the following line:
Exaltations of In-Anna 55. mi-be dam-a-ni-ta sa-ga na- an-da-ab-be (its woman no longer speaks of love with her husband) Ta. mibee tam anitta saG-a naa aanida abaiyee ( " ) The sag-a here can also be (sexually) uniting, the caGkamam. Many words such as 'caki' 'cakan' meaning loved ones may be related to this. Thus it appears to be that 'sag-gam-mah" is the Great SaG-Gam , here however an Assembly of priests or ritual dancers in which many issues were discussed and perhaps also refined and standardized. The author of the incantation mentions that he KNOWS ( ju, Ta. cuu, cuuz) which also reinforces the notion that sag-gam was in fact an Academy of a kind. Perhaps the Buddhist ' caGkam" as in "CaGkam caraNam kaccaami" was an evolute of this kind of assembly and which in later times became an academic institution of scholars , the Pulavar. Ku'ar , Kumari. This interpretation of 'sag-gam' is further reinforced by the mention of "Kumari" ( Ku'ar) which lends support to the historical notion in Tamil literature that the First CaGkam was established in Kumari. Geller gives evidences to read the sign [A-HA] as " Kumari" ( Ku'ar) on page 13 of the book Forerunners to Udug Hul [1].
I give below the whole of the relevant passage. QUOTE The above hypothesis contradicts a theory by van Dijk, that since Ku'ar was a city known as "non-Sumerian speaking" as well as the city of Asalluhi, "Grossexorcist von Eridu', it is tempting to identify Ku'ar as the home of the non-canonical incantation in Subarian-Elamite languages. Van Dijk's arguments, however, are partially based upon a miscopied sign in CT 16 6:239-240 ( collated) which reads : eridu (ki) ku'ar ( A.HA)(ki)-se mu-un-na-ri he-me-e-n Ak. sa ina eri-du u ku-ma-ri re-hu-u ana-ku The reading ku-ma-ri ( Kuwari? Ku'ar) is supported by ku-mar ( CT 51 105:21- 22).... " UNQUOTE It is interesting here that in Tamil, Kumari is also called Kauri, a parallel in meaning and morphology that is quite striking and thus pointing out also a historical continuity despite a shift in the geographical location Various Kinds of Assemblies: It appears that the Sumerians were given over to various kinds of assemblies as are the modern day Tamils where the notion of discussing the critical issues and coming to a consensus was well practiced. We give below evidences for this. Su dug-pu-uh-rum : Ta. tuukku porUum : The place for Discussions
The Assembly of the State in Sulgi’s Hymn B. [2] The notion of arasavai, an assembly in the Palace and where the King holds counsel appears to be a development of the Ur-saba, also available in Suruppak’s NeRi(nari) extended now to the political unit of the Kingdom be it a city state or a nation of several such city states We find mention of this in Sulgi’s Mutarbiyam (Hymn B) (c. 2000 BC.). The following lines, devoted to a description of how Sulgi ruled the state are evidences for this. 225 bu-uh-ru-um ki nam-tar-re-de ( In the assembly where decisions were taken) 226. sagub-e-ne ad-gi-gi mu-un-za/ enim dug-dug mu-un-zu ( I taught the governors how to deliberate, suggesting the apposite words) Tamil. 225 porUum kiiz tarumam ede (At the place of dialogue where dharma was established) பொரூஉம் கீழ் தருமம் எடே 226 Saakuppinee aadu miimii mun-cuuva/enem tuukku tuukku muncuuv. ( Among those sat in the assembly, I encouraged continuous dialogue, encourage free expression of thoughts) சா குப்பினே ஆடு மீள்மீள் முன் சூவ/ எனம் தூக்கு தூக்கு முன்சூவ
Here the ‘bu-uh-ru-um ki’ is the Tamil porUum kiiz, a place where those present encage among themselves and which means entering into debates, dialogues and discussions. This perhaps is the assembly of the King where he holds counsel with the important people of the state and who are made to sit (gub) or be members. What is interesting is that it is considered the place where dialogues were held so that JUSTICE or nam-tar-re (> Ta. tarmam> Sk. Dharma) was upheld. It is also interesting to note that Sulgi claims that he encouraged untrammeled and extensive and free expression of thoughts (enem tuukku tuukku). Thus it is clear that what went out as the major political decision was not the will of the King but rather the collective decision of the assembly and this more as an expression of Dharma than the will of the people. The free dialogues, debates and discussions among the members of the assembly were seen as the way in which the transpersonal DHARMA comes to hold in the affairs of the state. Sa-ba, Galga and E-dub-ba. There are also mention of Sa-ba(Ta. Sabai) Galga (Kazakam) and so forth in many Sumerian texts. We have also mention of such academies as part of the Palace where the Head of the Assembly had free access to the King and so forth. It also appears that some temples also functioned as scholastic centers There is also the institution e-dub-ba, the Ta. Il tubbu, the tablet house, which is actually a school for children where they learn the art of writing on clay tablets and reading them [3]. NOTES Part I [1] These observations are available on Page 13 of the book “Forerunners to Udug Hul” , Sumerian Exorcist Incantations, Edited by Geller , Mark J and published by Franz Steiner Verlag Wisebaden GMBH, Stuttgart, 1985. The mention of Kumari in both C.Tamil literature and Sumerian has suggested to me the existence of Thrree Kumari Nadu-s.
Loganathan @ Ullaganar
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